Ukukhiqiza ngogesi kungenye yohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwemboni yobuchwepheshe bolwazi.Ukuze kukhiqizwe futhi kuhlanganiswe imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, i-PCBA (umhlangano webhodi lesifunda ophrintiwe) iyingxenye eyisisekelo nebalulekile kakhulu.Ngokuvamile kunemikhiqizo ye-SMT (Surface Mount Technology) kanye ne-DIP (Dual in-line package).
Umgomo wokuphishekela ekukhiqizweni komkhakha we-elekthronikhi ukhulisa ukuminyana kokusebenza ngenkathi kunciphisa usayizi, okungukuthi, ukwenza umkhiqizo ube mncane futhi ube lula.Ngamanye amazwi, inhloso yokwengeza imisebenzi eyengeziwe kusayizi ofanayo webhodi lesekethe noma ukugcina umsebenzi ofanayo kodwa kuncishiswe indawo engaphezulu.Indlela kuphela yokufeza umgomo ukunciphisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ukuzisebenzisa esikhundleni sezingxenye ezivamile.Ngenxa yalokho, i-SMT iyathuthukiswa.
Ubuchwepheshe be-SMT busekelwe ekushintsheni lezo zingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile ngohlobo lwe-wafer lwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nokusebenzisa kuthreyi ukupakisha.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela evamile yokumba nokufaka ithathelwe indawo ukunamathisela okusheshayo ebusweni be-PCB.Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo engaphezulu ye-PCB incishiswe ngokwakha izingqimba eziningi zamabhodi kusuka kungqimba olulodwa lwebhodi.
Imishini eyinhloko yomugqa wokukhiqiza we-SMT ihlanganisa: Iphrinta ye-stencil, i-SPI, umshini wokukhetha nendawo, i-reflow soldering oven, i-AOI.
Izinzuzo ezivela kumikhiqizo ye-SMT
Ukusebenzisa i-SMT kumkhiqizo akukhona nje kuphela isidingo semakethe kodwa futhi nomthelela wawo ongaqondile ekwehliseni izindleko.I-SMT yehlisa izindleko ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo:
1. Indawo edingekayo kanye nezendlalelo ze-PCB zincishisiwe.
Indawo engaphezulu edingekayo ye-PCB yokuthwala izingxenye iyancipha ngenxa yokuthi usayizi walezo zingxenye ezihlanganisayo uncishisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ze-PCB zehlisiwe, futhi azisekho izindleko zokucubungula zokumba izimbobo.Kungenxa yokuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-PCB ngendlela ye-SMD kuqondile futhi kusicaba esikhundleni sokuthembela kumaphini ezingxenye ku-DIP ukuze kudlule izimbobo ezibhoboziwe ukuze kudayiswe ku-PCB.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kuba nempumelelo kakhulu lapho kungekho izimbobo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izingqimba ezidingekayo ze-PCB ziyancishiswa.Isibonelo, izingqimba ezine zasekuqaleni zomklamo we-DIP zingancishiswa zibe izendlalelo ezimbili ngendlela ye-SMD.Kungenxa yokuthi uma usebenzisa indlela ye-SMD, izingqimba ezimbili zamabhodi zizokwanela ukufaka kuzo zonke izintambo.Izindleko zezingqimba ezimbili zamabhodi vele zingaphansi kwalezo ezine zamabhodi.
2. I-SMD ifaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu
Ukupakishwa kwe-SMD kwenza kube ukukhetha okungcono ekukhiqizeni okuzenzakalelayo.Nakuba kulezo zingxenye ezivamile ze-DIP, kukhona nendawo yokuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo, isibonelo, uhlobo oluvundlile lomshini wokufaka, uhlobo olume mpo lomshini wokufaka, umshini wokufaka ongavamile, nomshini wokufaka i-IC;noma kunjalo, iyunithi yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi ngasinye isengaphansi kwe-SMD.Njengoba inani lokukhiqiza likhuphuka ngaso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza, inani lezindleko zokukhiqiza liyehla.
3. Kudingeka opharetha abambalwa
Ngokujwayelekile, bangaba opharetha abathathu kuphela abadingekayo kulayini ngamunye wokukhiqiza we-SMT, kodwa okungenani abantu abayi-10 kuya kwabangu-20 bayadingeka ngomugqa we-DIP ngamunye.Ngokunciphisa inani labantu, akuncishiswa kuphela izindleko zabasebenzi kodwa nokuphatha kuba lula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2022